Hopkinsville Code of Enforcement Board Meeting

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[0:36] Okay, good evening everyone. I'd like to call to order the Code Ordinance
[0:40] Enforcement Board uh for this evening for August 25th,
[0:45] 2026. At this time, we'd like to ask our clerk
[0:49] to call the role, please. >> Rodney Davis,
[0:52] » here. >> James Bruce,
[0:53] » here. >> Kelvin Grubs,
[0:55] » here. >> Crystal Kirkman. David Howen
[1:00] Brooks >> here.
[1:01] » Connie McGee >> here.
[1:03] » Mark Graham >> here.
[1:06] » Okay, we have a quorum at this time. Everyone, please stand with me as we say
[1:10] the pledge of >> allegiance
[1:16] to the flag of the United States of America
[1:21] for it stand.
[1:33] » Okay, thank you.
[1:37] Okay, next on our agenda is approval of minutes. Our last meeting took place on
[1:41] August 11th, 2026. Board members received a copy of those minutes in the
[1:45] mail. And at this time, we'll entertain a motion to approve those minutes.
[1:51] » I make like to make a motion to approve the minutes from previous meeting.
[1:58] » Okay, it's been moved and properly second. Any questions on the motion? All
[2:02] in favor let be known by Sen. I >> I
[2:04] » opposed. Eyes have it. Uh any reports from fire department staff? None. Okay.
[2:12] All right. So on our agenda this evening, we have one public hearing. Um
[2:20] case number CE BPM-26-08-00009.
[2:26] Um, as always, we're going to
[2:31] uh go over procedures we're going to follow for the hearing tonight. So, if
[2:35] you bear with me as I go over these procedures.
[2:40] Okay. Once again, good evening, uh, ladies and gentlemen. My name is Rodney
[2:44] Davis. I am the chairman of the City of Hopkinsville Code Ordinance Enforcement
[2:48] Board. The purpose of this board is to protect, promote, and improve the
[2:53] health, safety, and welfare of the citizens residing within the city of
[2:57] Hopkinsville. If a board member perceives a potential conflict with
[3:01] hearing a case, he or she shall recuse themselves from the case, and will not
[3:06] discuss their disposition. When your name is called, please come
[3:10] forward, speak loudly and clearly because we are required to record all
[3:15] proceedings from these hearings. You are here tonight because you received the
[3:20] citation and chose to appear before the board instead of paying the fine imposed
[3:25] on the citation. You have the right to confront and
[3:28] cross-examine any witnesses that might appear here against you. You have the
[3:34] right to call your own witnesses to testify on your behalf and to introduce
[3:39] any physical evidence you feel pertinent to this case. You have the right to have
[3:43] an attorney. If you have if you wish to hire one to represent you, let me know
[3:49] and I will request the board postpone your case to enable you to do so.
[3:56] I have the right as chairman of the board to limit the amount of testimony
[4:00] which is presented. That shall be done when I determine that certain testimony
[4:05] is irrelevant or is repetitive. This is not the same as a court of law
[4:11] and legal rules of evidence do not have to be followed. This is similar to an
[4:17] administrative hearing and the requirements for the introduction of
[4:20] evidence are not as stringent as in a court of law but they are nonetheless
[4:26] just as important to ensure a just decision. You shall be afforded all
[4:32] rights which are of fundamental importance to comply with due process
[4:37] standards of fairness and justice. The burden of establishing a violation
[4:42] occurred rest with the city. If the city cannot prove a violation took place, no
[4:49] fine or remedial measures may be imposed.
[4:54] After all the evidence and testimony have been introduced and the hearing has
[4:59] been closed, the board will make a decision. The board will decide whether
[5:04] or not a violation of a local ordinance has been committed. If the board
[5:10] determines no violation was committed, then this board will enter an order
[5:14] dismissing the citation. If the board determines that a violation did take
[5:19] place, the board will enter an order upholding the citation and will order
[5:24] you to pay a fine in an amount up to the maximum authorized by ordinance and may
[5:31] order you to remedy the violation within a specified period of time. In cases
[5:36] involving unsafe structures, the board, as part of its decision and written
[5:41] order, may additionally make a provision for the offender to cure the violation
[5:47] within a period of time not to exceed 90 days pursuant to HCO 33.18F.
[5:56] Except in cases of default, um in ca except of cases of default, any
[6:04] final order issued by the board may be appealed to the Christian District
[6:08] Court. The appeal must be filed no later than 30 days from the date issues its
[6:14] final order. The case in front of the Christian District Court will be limited
[6:18] to a review of the record created before this board.
[6:23] If there are any questions at this time, please feel free to ask.
[6:29] Okay, no questions. Okay, so we're going to have our first case. Uh,
[6:36] Mr. Mark Dearmman is the code officer and Justin E. Combmes is present. Okay.
[6:44] Yes. Okay. Mr. Dearmman, can you come come forward?
[6:50] And Mr. Combmes, can you stand up? I'm going to swear you both in at this time.
[6:55] Would you please raise your right hand? Do you swear to tell the truth, the
[6:58] whole truth, and none but the truth? If so, say I do.
[7:02] » Okay, sir. You can have a seat right now. Okay, Mr. Arman.
[7:07] Uh, can you please state your full name, employer, and position for the record?
[7:13] » Mark the Arman, code enforcement officer with the Hop Fire Department.
[7:17] » Okay. Mr. Army, can you tell us about this case that's on our agenda tonight?
[7:22] » Yes, sir. 413 Caramel Drive was called into us on August the 10th by a passerby
[7:30] neighbor that said there was a grass was overgrown and that there was some damage
[7:35] to the roof. So, an inspection was conducted on the same day
[7:41] and found uh the house you just saw. Here's a Google Street map. One on the
[7:47] right was taken in March of 2026. This property has really nice tall big
[7:52] shade trees. So seeing the the rear view is pretty limited. If you look at the
[7:58] shot on the left, it's an aerial view taken in April of 2026. And you see the
[8:03] back of the house is is pretty much not visible from the air. And you see the
[8:08] yard because of the height of the size of the tree. So looking at the back of
[8:12] the roof was was a bit difficult.
[8:16] 413 Caramel was owned by Justin Combmes. Mr. Combmes was residing there at the
[8:21] time of the inspection, but was not home during that time.
[8:26] So, the inspection occurred on the 10th. The conditions we saw and went back and
[8:31] had a had a discussion with with the fire leadership. We there was
[8:36] some significant risk and exposures to life safety with Mr. Col in there. Uh it
[8:42] was decided then because of the conditions that he'd go straight to a
[8:45] citation and that the fire marshall issued and posted his KRS notice for an
[8:51] unsafe structure and it was posted on the next day August the 11th.
[8:56] Mr. Combmes and I had uh two conversations, one in person on August
[9:00] the 14th, 17th, and 18th. He had a document that he wanted to bring to us
[9:05] and I think it's been placed before you all already. And then I gave him uh
[9:10] because his wishes were to try to repair the house. He's already been working
[9:13] towards that goal. And so I gave him the list of the of the requirements that the
[9:17] ordinance will allow the the timeline and so forth and so on and that he would
[9:23] have to give him a head start working towards that.
[9:27] The conditions were such that when I was putting the presentation together, some
[9:30] of the photos didn't come out very well. And I went back in on the 20th for
[9:34] additional photos. and we're here again tonight for the presentation.
[9:38] This is Mr. Holmes's document that he brought by to us.
[9:43] I think it's in front of you all. This is the document I left with him that
[9:49] explains the uh what the what the board can do, the timeline and the
[9:54] requirements in order to save it and and the schedule by which it needs to be
[9:58] saved. This is a document that we use with a lot of folks. we find out that
[10:01] they want to save their home so they have a guideline to go by.
[10:06] This is a copy of the one on the left is a copy of the uh KRS notice from the
[10:10] fire marshall of an unsafe structure. The one on the right is a citation from
[10:15] code's office regarding unsafe structure at this location. Both posted on August
[10:21] the 11th.
[10:26] And here they are posted on the on the front door.
[10:29] There's a copy that ran in the paper. The notice was mailed, certified mail.
[10:33] The the receipt of that is not available to to be included in this presentation
[10:38] tonight.
[10:41] All the utilities in this house were active at the time. Water, electricity,
[10:45] and gas. When I called to determine if the if
[10:50] these utilities were on uh in the case of the gas, the
[10:56] representative that on the phone asked why why my concerns and when I described
[11:00] it to them, they they they completed a a service ticket and the gas
[11:05] representative went out and saw the condition of the home and dis
[11:08] disconnected the gas the following day. Likewise with electricity, when ATS was
[11:13] contacted and saw the conditions, they also disconnected the power.
[11:20] As always, we follow chapter 163 for the checklist as found in section 108,
[11:25] appendix one.
[11:30] The foundation I could not find because it's brick veneer all the way to the
[11:34] ground. So, we'll start with the exterior walls. This is the back of the
[11:38] house. See where the brick is? The brick veneer has fallen off there in the
[11:42] center. And you see where it's separating by the window.
[11:47] This is the right rear corner of the house. The circle, let's start on the
[11:52] photo on the right. The circle illustrates separation and cracks in the
[11:56] brick uh that that's probably pulled by and connected to the separation on the
[12:02] back wall. The arrow at the bottom of the photo on the right is representing
[12:07] uh mortar line cracks. And the photo on the left is the same mortal line crack
[12:11] that goes all the way down to the vent uh crawl space vent.
[12:20] The ramp the walkway to the front front porch was very spongy, very soft with uh
[12:26] some structural issues. And this ramp on the left leads to the front door. The
[12:31] ramp and access to on the right photo is to the back porch.
[12:38] the roof. You see you see the the damage there. Again, you see the tree in the
[12:42] backyard that prohibited any photo in the back to see the conditions.
[12:49] This is inside and the red arrow is illustrating the the bottom arrow point
[12:55] of that arrow is sitting on the top of the ceiling joist. The top of that arrow
[13:01] is the bottom of the roof rafters. The roof has collapsed to that extent inside
[13:07] the back portion of this house. This is on the back porch looking at the
[13:12] roof through the double doors. This is inside the house looking at the same
[13:17] direction but from inside out through those double doors.
[13:22] The two buys you see that are dangling or falling are the ceiling joists where
[13:27] the roof rafters are still sitting on the top plate of the back wall.
[13:37] The front door was closed and I knocked on the door and um nobody came. As I
[13:44] knocked, I saw the door was moving. I checked the door knob and door handle
[13:48] and it was not locked. When I opened it, it opened a portion of the way because
[13:51] the floor is buckled and that's where the far as the door would go. As I got
[13:54] in, the front door is is held in place with a top hinge. top hinge only and the
[14:00] bolt to the door knob on the other side.
[14:06] In addition to the brick wall that's fallen, there's a headboard like a twin
[14:09] bed. There's a counter counter and cabinet over in the back corner and
[14:13] ladder and some other things that's on the back porch. And the back porch you
[14:17] see you can see of the wood you can see that it it has weathered to some degree.
[14:26] photo on the left, the arrow is pointing to a separation of the back wall
[14:30] separating that pulled away from the inside wall that that uh that normally
[14:35] would would have connected it. This is to the left side of those double doors.
[14:41] The right side of the double doors is there photo on the right and you see a
[14:44] separation not as great but that this whole back wall is now separating
[14:49] pulling away from the structure.
[14:53] The hole on the left is in the inside the front door in the living room.
[15:03] And you see the bit of a ceiling damage on the photo on the right. That's a
[15:08] front, call it a bedroom, the front room on the left side of the of the entry
[15:13] that has some some minor damage to the drywall in the back. But you also see
[15:17] some water stains supposedly from the damaged roof that gone to the front of
[15:21] the house.
[15:25] All the photo on the right and you see some on the left, but go to the right
[15:29] first. That's insulation that fell has fallen from the ceiling and the and the
[15:35] roof section and it is like walking on a sponge with the water soap from the
[15:39] rain. Mr. Home says that the this damage was occurred and he'll speak to this but
[15:45] he I was curious about what happened and he said it from the ice storm in
[15:48] February and then the result of rains or whatever is what caused the damage to
[15:52] the home. He could speak to that uh more detail when in his presentation.
[15:58] The photo on the left that wall where those double doors are
[16:04] pushed in are jammed that that's like a a converted garage.
[16:10] and uh uh did not able was not able to get into that that room.
[16:18] The photo on the left again is the front door. You see there's a a buckle in the
[16:22] wood wood floor that stopped the door and there's two holes there. The circle
[16:27] on the right is a walkway from the from the front room to a hallway and the
[16:31] floor is significantly buckled there, though the the carpeting does not show
[16:37] it.
[16:41] photo on the left is a back wall on the left side. That's a ceiling that has
[16:45] come down and the blue wall in the back is the exterior wall.
[16:50] Photo on the right is taken from the kitchen but looking back away from the
[16:53] exterior wall back towards the front of the house.
[17:01] Additional damage to the seal to the walls on the left and again uh more
[17:06] insulation. The room on the right is is on the back right side. This is a
[17:12] hospital bed u that's been there that's been there for some time. Again,
[17:16] insulation uh and roof and ceiling damage inside that room as well.
[17:25] See the exposed electrical wires. The one of concern is the uh the one on the
[17:31] right. That's that ceiling can light can is is was it the the house was
[17:37] energized? That wire and those cans are are
[17:41] hanging. The error on the right is is a double doors where the hospital bed was
[17:47] that goes into the right side of the house.
[17:50] I did not find the the breaker box. Suspecting it's in that room or the back
[17:54] side of it because of where the the the electric meter was. Just could not get
[17:59] in there to see it to see what kind of condition The breaker box was in.
[18:07] Kitchen sink is there in the bottom of of this photo. The bathroom water was
[18:13] still on.
[18:17] Again, not counting the foundation. The brick veneer went to the ground and
[18:21] could not see any damage for what part of the house we could see. Exterior
[18:26] walls were in violation as a porch, the roof,
[18:32] doors, trash on the on the back porch. There was there was no The windows did
[18:37] not see any windows that were broken. Did not try to get to them and try to
[18:41] see if they worked, but I didn't see that they were broken. There were the
[18:44] handrails, albeit being weathered. They were still intact
[18:51] inside. Five out of the eight applicable items were in violation or 63%.
[18:57] Interior structure was accessible. The walls were in were damaged in bad shape.
[19:02] Floors, electrical, ceilings, single story.
[19:09] At the time of the inspection, at the time of this filling out this checklist,
[19:14] the electric the structure had electric meter and it was energized. So in red I
[19:20] call date of inspection
[19:25] to be consistent with the inspection that the power was pulled on the 11th.
[19:29] So that's reason for the blue and yes likewise with gas
[19:34] the water is still on. No no no information been given that the water
[19:37] has been disconnected. So the water is still on.
[19:42] Not counting the electrical and the gas. Five out of nine or 55% were in
[19:46] violation. If we consider the electrical meter and the gas meters uh disconnected
[19:51] the day after, then that makes it seven out of nine or 78% violation.
[20:00] There is a small metal storage building in the back uh that has some damage and
[20:05] and and uh not in great shape. Uh the property is is concerned in the
[20:13] neighbors and there is some significant life safety concerns at this house
[20:20] inside 10 out of 17 without the electric and
[20:24] gas [clears throat] 12 out of 17 counting the electric and gas 59% or
[20:29] 71%. Either way is in excess of 51% in violation.
[20:35] There are no previous cases. Uh leans only are $3,500.
[20:42] As of this morning, things are saved. I put the second photo in one of our in
[20:48] two of the conversations with Mr. Combmes. This van in the driveway had
[20:52] been there for several years with with expired license. And I encouraged him to
[20:59] find a way to get it moved before we put a citation on it so we would so the city
[21:04] would not pull it. So I encouraging him to at least be able to save that vehicle
[21:08] in whatever way he can.
[21:13] [clears throat]
[21:18] » Yes, ma'am.
[21:25] » The the initial visit was was August the 10th.
[21:29] Conversation with utilities was on the 10th. They showed up on the 11th,
[21:33] disconnected the power. My only other visit there inside was on the 20th. I
[21:38] was to take photos of it, but the power the power and the gas had been
[21:41] disconnected. They were disconnected on the 11th.
[21:49] There is an extension cord on the door, but but the power the meter was removed
[21:54] as well as cut the wires cut at the weather.
[22:09] » [clears throat]
[22:11] » Okay. I don't have any other question. Any other board members have questions
[22:14] for Mr. Dearm? Okay. Thank you, sir.
[22:21] Okay. Mr. Combmes, can you come up to the podium, please?
[22:29] » [clears throat] >> Okay. You've already been sworn in, but
[22:32] for the record, can you please state your full name and address for the
[22:35] record? >> Yes, sir. Justin Edward Combmes. Address
[22:38] 413 Caramel Drive, Hopkinsville, Kentucky.
[22:41] » Okay. Mr. Combmes, can you uh tell us about your property here?
[22:46] » Yes, sir. For the past several months, uh the condition has deteriorated. I'm
[22:50] not blind to that. Um however, that is my only space of living. I've been
[22:55] working to line up contractors. I've had refused to work all together either out
[23:00] of scope or out of availability. I've had to give me vague
[23:07] verbal estimates and not return a written estimate so I can't proceed with
[23:11] getting financing to proceed further uh to initiate repairs. Um over the past
[23:19] several months I've been trying to get those contractors lined up to keep the
[23:23] condition from deteriorating which obviously it has. Um and I've just
[23:27] basically making the best of it to try to keep the property maintained as best
[23:31] I could.
[23:34] » Okay. Sir, um are you still residing there?
[23:40] » Uh currently, no, sir. >> No. Okay. Okay. I didn't think you were,
[23:43] but um so you're trying to reach contractors to
[23:49] um fix the the damage that that we've seen that's been deteriorating over the
[23:55] last uh few months. And you say that the contractors hadn't responded or
[24:01] » I've either gotten vague verbal estimates, not written signed estimates,
[24:04] so I could take it to get financing for that. I can't approach getting a loan
[24:09] with a quote verbal estimate or I've had just to just not respond or have just
[24:15] refused to do work either out of scope or out of out of availability.
[24:22] » Okay. And so uh what is your desire for this
[24:28] property? Are you um are you you wanting to rehab this
[24:34] property to remain living there or >> Yes sir. Ideally that has been the home
[24:39] for all 42 years of my life. That is my childhood home. That's where I took care
[24:42] of my sick parents. Uh hence the hospital bed. Um I just not have a
[24:48] chance to resell it. Um, ideally that would be the case.
[24:57] » Okay. And um, in order to rehab this place, you're going to have to obtain
[25:03] financing to get a lot of this done, right?
[25:07] » Yes, sir. >> [clears throat]
[25:10] » Well, sir, you know, from seeing the condition of the house, um
[25:18] uh you understand that for this board, we're limited in the amount of time we
[25:23] could give you to uh to rehab this property.
[25:30] So, do you you think that you would be able to accomplish that?
[25:34] » U if given the 90-day timeline, I would do my absolute to obtain financing and
[25:39] contractors to do so. If not, I have an option B to sell the property as is.
[25:45] » If not, say it again. >> I'm sorry. Uh, an option B would to sell
[25:49] the property as is. >> Okay.
[25:55] » Well, you know, you know, the property can't be sold in that in that condition.
[25:59] I don't know if you're aware of that. If if the property is unsafe for you,
[26:06] the the city is not going to give you permission to sell it to someone else
[26:10] where it's in in that condition >> unless to a flipper or to real estate
[26:16] that's willing to invest in it to repair it.
[26:21] » Well, I I don't know. Maybe our city attorney can speak to that, but maybe um
[26:26] you know, you could get a a special waiver in order to allow be to sell the
[26:30] property, but but that might be
[26:34] a challenge, you know. Um Okay. Anything else you want to share
[26:39] with us about this this property? Um can can I You say you've been living there
[26:43] your entire life? >> Yes, sir.
[26:45] » Okay. But you you're staying with family or friends for now?
[26:49] » I have housing lined up at the moment. Yes, sir. Okay. All right.
[26:54] Any other questions from board members? Mr. Conser,
[27:02] does he have the ability to sell that house to somebody who can fix it up?
[27:05] » Yeah, let me expand on that. There's an ordinance that provides that it if a
[27:11] structure is deemed unsafe or if there's pending code violations, the owner is
[27:15] not allowed to sell. However, um in the event the code enforcement officer and
[27:21] the agrees with the potential buyer that they will bring it up to code
[27:28] uh in the same manner that you could, then it's possible that that could
[27:33] happen, but time is still working against you because you're going to be
[27:37] bound to that same 90 days max. >> Yes, sir. Understood.
[27:45] » Okay. Anything else you want to share with us, sir?
[27:48] » Um, if lining up contracting does work out, um, how would utilities work?
[27:54] Obviously, they would need electricity to
[27:57] do the job. Would they have to provide theirs or can temporary be hooked and
[28:00] unhooked or >> Yeah, that I don't know. Maybe the code
[28:05] officers can can inform you on that. I don't know, Mr. arm if you want to uh
[28:10] address that right now, but uh I don't know what our contractor would need and
[28:16] and you'd have to work out something with the electric company, I'm sure,
[28:19] too. >> Any construction site will have
[28:22] temporary power. It will not be to the house. It'll be to a temporary pole or
[28:26] standing in the yard for the contractor to have electricity, but it will not go
[28:30] to the house. >> Okay.
[28:36] » Okay. Uh anything else, sir? Um, I'm just asking for enough time to,
[28:42] you know, get a legitimate estimate written or otherwise to save my house. I
[28:47] mean, that's where I grew up.
[28:54] » Okay. All right, sir. Thank you.
[28:56] » Thank you. [clears throat]
[29:01] » Okay. Okay, we're going to close the hearing on this uh case so the board can
[29:06] deliberate in open session. Um so what we have before us in this case,
[29:12] we have a um two things we have to accomplish here. First of all, we need
[29:18] uh to determine whether or not a violation exist uh for this property um
[29:26] by a motion and a and a vote. um where the violation exists and then if a
[29:33] violation exists we would discuss the the penalty and maybe allowance of time
[29:40] uh that type of thing. So first of all the floor is open for um discussion
[29:45] deliberation uh or entertain a vote. >> Mr. Chairman I move that the city has
[29:51] met their obligation and showed that this is an unsafe structure. So I move
[29:55] that there is a violation second. Okay, it's been moved and properly second. Any
[30:01] questions on the motion? All those in favor let me know by sign
[30:05] of I >> opposed the eyes have it. Okay, now we
[30:09] need to discuss the um the penalty [snorts] uh for this case
[30:16] by motion and second. Um you've heard the testimony of the Mr. combs what he's
[30:23] requesting and the you know the situation of the home but so what's your
[30:29] pleasure any discussion or >> what's the penalty
[30:33] » oh >> are 350 minimum 700 maximum plus $200
[30:38] administrative fee
[30:43] » Mr. Mr. Chairman, I move that we um go ahead and assess the minimum fine of
[30:48] $350, $200 administrative fee that we give the owner the the the 90 days,
[30:56] that's 45 days within a plan and 45 days more to get it up to code on that
[31:02] allowed to us by ordinance. and that if that hasn't occurred within that 90-day
[31:08] period that the house and the out the out building
[31:13] be demolished. >> Okay. Okay. It's been moved and properly
[31:18] second. Any questions on that motion?
[31:24] Okay. All in favor let me know by the sign of I
[31:27] » oppose. Eyes have it.
[31:31] Okay. Mr. uh combs, we we're giving you the 90 days in which to u see what you
[31:37] can get done. I I would encourage you to work very closely with the code officers
[31:43] and um understand the requirements that they have set before you
[31:49] to um to get the house up to code. If if not within those at those 90 days, the
[31:55] city will take action um to remedy the violation.
[32:06] Okay. All right. Um, next on our agenda is unfinished business. B business other
[32:12] than hearings. There's none. New business other than hearings. There's
[32:16] none. Any announcements from uh board members or staff?
[32:23] Okay. Uh, I just want to say say this. I know there's been a lot of uh discussion
[32:30] and a lot of things you may have seen in the news regarding um the addicts
[32:36] property that we was on our agenda last week. Um
[32:42] there's been a lot of questions from from people. Uh I have been referring
[32:47] people to the um code officers uh or the city YouTube page to to watch the watch
[32:57] the case, watch the video and see the the evidence that has been presented and
[33:01] the testimony that's been presented. I don't know what you may have anyone has
[33:05] ever uh question you or approach you, but I I would say um uh keep keep that
[33:12] to what we've discussed in the case. You know, we can't try retry this out in in
[33:18] the public. And I don't know if the city attorney got any other advice that we
[33:23] might need to consider. Well, my advice would be um to refrain from any
[33:29] discussion with anybody because you're just like a jury that just tried a case.
[33:34] So, uh until this is resolved one way or the other, it's my recommendation that
[33:40] you just defer any questions, be glad to send them to my office and I'll uh do my
[33:44] best to answer any any questions. >> Okay.
[33:49] All right then. Okay. Well, if there's nothing further, we will stand
[33:52] adjourned. Thank you everyone.